Steel structure staircases are a type of staircase primarily constructed of steel. They are characterized by fewer support points, high load-bearing capacity, diverse designs, high technical content, high strength, light weight, fast construction speed, good seismic performance, and aesthetically pleasing appearance, while also being easy to install and disassemble. Their structure utilizes a combination of square tubes, round tubes, angle iron, channel steel, and I-beams, employing welding processes to ensure horizontal tread installation. The surface is treated with powder coating, galvanizing, or baking paint. Suitable for both indoor and outdoor industrial and civil buildings, they possess high structural strength and stability.
Steel structure staircase design specifications require that the step inclination angle is generally 30 degrees (gentler outdoors), the step width should be greater than 24 cm, the height less than 20 cm, and the handrail height greater than 90 cm indoors (greater than 1.05 meters outdoors). Unauthorized construction of steel frame staircases on building facades is illegal. During installation, submerged arc welding is used, with corners connected as a single unit to avoid multiple installation points. Concrete is used for fixation, and blank spaces are reserved to enhance stability. Components are horizontally and vertically aligned, and all materials and accessories are precisely welded. A colorant is applied to the entire structure to prevent steel oxidation. For near-zero energy buildings, patents exist for outdoor evacuation steel staircase connection structures, aiming to create thermal bridges between the staircase and the building structure, thereby improving insulation performance. In recent years, comfort analysis under induced vibrations, such as those found in steel column-free spiral staircases and cantilevered steel staircases, has become a research hotspot.
The emergence and development of steel staircases signifies a revolution in staircase structural materials. Compared to concrete spiral staircases, steel spiral staircases offer advantages such as smaller cross-sections, lighter structure, and more aesthetically pleasing design, and are receiving increasing attention.